The pituitary gland is a small organ located underneath the hypothalamic region of the brain. Despite its small size, the pituitary gland stores and secretes a wide variety of hormones: follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), vasopressin, and oxytocin.

These hormones have functions involved in reproduction, metabolism, lactation, blood pressure regulation, water balance, pregnancy, menstruation, and growth. The causes and effects of problems associated with pituitary hormones are equally diverse and complex.